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Photovoltaics (PV) permit the on-site production of electricity without concern for fuel supplyor environmental adverse effects. Power is produced without noise and little depletion ofresources. It is expected that in the 21st century building-integrated photovoltaic systems willcontribute significantly to power production.

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One of the most promising applications of PV today is supplemental utility generation. Amajor benefit of PV is that it tends to generate more electricity at times of the year when moreis needed. In most of North America, for example, utility companies struggle to keep millionsof power-hungry air conditioners running in the summer months, when photovoltaic cells aremost productive. Many utilities are using PV to help cover peak loads, rather than buildingentirely new plants. Because PV is so modular in design, these supplemental stations can easilygrow from year to year, covering higher and higher loads.

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Various techniques have been used to integrate the PV modules into the building envelope.For example in various countries, including Canada, amorphous photovoltaic modules aremounted as a roofing material. In Japan, insulated roof panels are designed with amorphousPV modules on the top face. Another growing area of application is placing the cells ontowindows with a distance between them to create semitransparent modules that generateelectricity while transmitting some daylight. In many parts of the world crystalline PV modulesare integrated into the building as atrium glazing, shading device, or even as wall cladding(Athienitis and Santamouris 2002). PV systems have been designed properly and arecontributing energy to human beings day after day all over the world.绿色建筑博客
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